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An impartial game in which the last player wins. In normal-form games, the nim-value of the sum of two games is the nim-sum of their nim-values.

The sum of the absolute squares of the spherical harmonics Y_l^m(theta,phi) over all values of m is sum_(m=-l)^l|Y_l^m(theta,phi)|^2=(2l+1)/(4pi). (1) The double sum over m ...

The residual is the sum of deviations from a best-fit curve of arbitrary form. R=sum[y_i-f(x_i,a_1,...,a_n)]^2. The residual should not be confused with the correlation ...

rho_(2s)(n)=(pi^s)/(Gamma(s))n^(s-1)sum_(p,q)((S_(p,q))/q)^(2s)e^(2nppii/q), where S_(p,q) is a Gaussian sum, and Gamma(s) is the gamma function.

Consider the Euler product zeta(s)=product_(k=1)^infty1/(1-1/(p_k^s)), (1) where zeta(s) is the Riemann zeta function and p_k is the kth prime. zeta(1)=infty, but taking the ...

The set R union {infty}, obtained by adjoining one improper element to the set R of real numbers, is the set of projectively extended real numbers. Although notation is not ...

Smale's problems are a list of 18 challenging problems for the twenty-first century proposed by Field medalist Steven Smale. These problems were inspired in part by Hilbert's ...

A harmonic number is a number of the form H_n=sum_(k=1)^n1/k (1) arising from truncation of the harmonic series. A harmonic number can be expressed analytically as ...

Let E be a simply connected compact set in the complex plane. By the Riemann mapping theorem, there is a unique analytic function ...

The cubefree part is that part of a positive integer left after all cubic factors are divided out. For example, the cubefree part of 24=2^3·3 is 3. For n=1, 2, ..., the first ...