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An initial point that provides safe convergence of Newton's method (Smale 1981; Petković et al. 1997, p. 1).

Cut a sphere by a plane in such a way that the volumes of the spherical segments have a given ratio.

The group of functions from an object G to itself which preserve the structure of the object, denoted Aut(G). The automorphism group of a group preserves the multiplication ...

A logical system which possesses an explicitly stated set of axioms from which theorems can be derived.

A method for mapping three-dimensional figures onto the plane.

The bend of a circle C mutually tangent to three other circles is defined as the signed curvature of C. If the contacts are all external, the signs of the bends of all four ...

The determinant of a binary quadratic form Au^2+2Buv+Cv^2 is defined as D=AC-B^2. It is equal to 1/4 of the corresponding binary quadratic form discriminant. Unfortunately, ...

A bipartite graph, also called a bigraph, is a set of graph vertices decomposed into two disjoint sets such that no two graph vertices within the same set are adjacent. A ...

If there is an integer x such that x^4=q (mod p), then q is said to be a biquadratic residue (mod p). If not, q is said to be a biquadratic nonresidue (mod p).

Let {A_n}_(n=0)^infty be a sequence of events occurring with a certain probability distribution, and let A be the event consisting of the occurrence of a finite number of ...