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Given a map f:S->T between sets S and T, the map g:T->S is called a left inverse to f provided that g degreesf=id_S, that is, composing f with g from the left gives the ...

Gamma functions of argument 2z can be expressed in terms of gamma functions of smaller arguments. From the definition of the beta function, ...

Levenberg-Marquardt is a popular alternative to the Gauss-Newton method of finding the minimum of a function F(x) that is a sum of squares of nonlinear functions, ...

The term "loop" has a number of meanings in mathematics. Most simply, a loop is a closed curve whose initial and final points coincide in a fixed point p known as the ...

Lucas's theorem states that if n>=3 be a squarefree integer and Phi_n(z) a cyclotomic polynomial, then Phi_n(z)=U_n^2(z)-(-1)^((n-1)/2)nzV_n^2(z), (1) where U_n(z) and V_n(z) ...

A map is a way of associating unique objects to every element in a given set. So a map f:A|->B from A to B is a function f such that for every a in A, there is a unique ...

Let X be a locally convex topological vector space and let K be a compact subset of X. In functional analysis, Milman's theorem is a result which says that if the closed ...

Polynomials M_k(x) which form the associated Sheffer sequence for f(t)=(e^t-1)/(e^t+1) (1) and have the generating function sum_(k=0)^infty(M_k(x))/(k!)t^k=((1+t)/(1-t))^x. ...

Let A={a_1,a_2,...} be a free Abelian semigroup, where a_1 is the identity element, and let mu(n) be the Möbius function. Define mu(a_n) on the elements of the semigroup ...

A multiplicative number theoretic function is a number theoretic function f that has the property f(mn)=f(m)f(n) (1) for all pairs of relatively prime positive integers m and ...