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An object created by folding a piece of paper along certain lines to form loops. The number of states possible in an n-flexagon is a Catalan number. By manipulating the ...

A parallelogram polyomino is a polyomino such that the intersection with every line perpendicular to the main diagonal is a connected segment. The number of parallelogram ...

A number n satisfies the Carmichael condition iff (p-1)|(n/p-1) for all prime divisors p of n. This is equivalent to the condition (p-1)|(n-1) for all prime divisors p of n.

A bar graph is any plot of a set of data such that the number of data elements falling within one or more categories is indicated using a rectangle whose height or width is a ...

A rule for polynomial computation which both reduces the number of necessary multiplications and results in less numerical instability due to potential subtraction of one ...

The number 163 is very important in number theory, since d=163 is the largest number such that the imaginary quadratic field Q(sqrt(-d)) has class number h(-d)=1. It also ...

The base-26 number system composed of the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and the letters A-P.

The base of a number system, i.e., 2 for binary, 8 for octal, 10 for decimal, and 16 for hexadecimal. The radix is sometimes called the base or scale.

If f is continuous on a closed interval [a,b], and c is any number between f(a) and f(b) inclusive, then there is at least one number x in the closed interval such that ...

A Proth number that is prime, i.e., a number of the form N=k·2^n+1 for odd k, n a positive integer, and 2^n>k. Factors of Fermat numbers are of this form as long as they ...