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Let N steps of equal length be taken along a line. Let p be the probability of taking a step to the right, q the probability of taking a step to the left, n_1 the number of ...

An almost integer is a number that is very close to an integer. Near-solutions to Fermat's last theorem provide a number of high-profile almost integers. In the season 7, ...

A method of solving combinatorial problems by means of an algorithm which is allowed to run forward until a dead end is reached, at which point previous steps are retraced ...

There are least two Bang's theorems, one concerning tetrahedra (Bang 1897), and the other with widths of convex domains (Bang 1951). The theorem of Bang (1897) states that ...

A transformation formula for continued fractions (Lorentzen and Waadeland 1992) which can, for example, be used to prove identities such as ...

The bifolium is a folium with b=0. The bifolium is a quartic curve and is given by the implicit equation is (x^2+y^2)^2=4axy^2 (1) and the polar equation ...

Binet's formula is an equation which gives the nth Fibonacci number as a difference of positive and negative nth powers of the golden ratio phi. It can be written as F_n = ...

The exponential factorial is defined by the recurrence relation a_n=n^(a_(n-1)), (1) where a_0=1. The first few terms are therefore a_1 = 1 (2) a_2 = 2^1=2 (3) a_3 = ...

A graph with a finite number of nodes and edges. If it has n nodes and has no multiple edges or graph loops (i.e., it is simple), it is a subgraph of the complete graph K_n. ...

Fischer's z-distribution is the general distribution defined by g(z)=(2n_1^(n_1/2)n_2^(n_2/2))/(B((n_1)/2,(n_2)/2))(e^(n_1z))/((n_1e^(2z)+n_2)^((n_1+n_2)/2)) (1) (Kenney and ...