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A cryptographic hash function is most commonly one of the following: a one-way hash function, a collision-free hash function, a trapdoor one-way hash function, or a function ...

A piecewise function is a function that is defined on a sequence of intervals. A common example is the absolute value, |x|={-x for x<0; 0 for x=0; x for x>0. (1) Piecewise ...

A Bessel function Z_n(x) is a function defined by the recurrence relations Z_(n+1)+Z_(n-1)=(2n)/xZ_n (1) and Z_(n+1)-Z_(n-1)=-2(dZ_n)/(dx). (2) The Bessel functions are more ...

Consider a formula in prenex normal form, Q_1x_1...Q_nx_nN. If Q_i is the existential quantifier (1<=i<=n) and x_k, ..., x_m are all the universal quantifier variables such ...

There are (at least) two mathematical objects known as Weierstrass forms. The first is a general form into which an elliptic curve over any field K can be transformed, given ...

The symbol defined by (v,n) = (2^(-2n){(4v^2-1)(4v^2-3^2)...[4v^2-(2n-1)^2]})/(n!) (1) = ((-1)^ncos(piv)Gamma(1/2+n-v)Gamma(1/2+n+v))/(pin!), (2) where Gamma(z) is the gamma ...

A function of two variables is bilinear if it is linear with respect to each of its variables. The simplest example is f(x,y)=xy.

A univariate function f(x) is said to be odd provided that f(-x)=-f(x). Geometrically, such functions are symmetric about the origin. Examples of odd functions include x, ...

The hemisphere function is defined as H(x,y)={sqrt(a-x^2-y^2) for sqrt(x^2+y^2)<=a; 0 for sqrt(x^2+y^2)>a. (1) Watson (1966) defines a hemispherical function as a function S ...

The Hurwitz zeta function zeta(s,a) is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function zeta(s) that is also known as the generalized zeta function. It is classically defined by ...