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Given vectors u and v, the vector direct product, also known as a dyadic, is uv=u tensor v^(T), where tensor is the Kronecker product and v^(T) is the matrix transpose. For ...

The series z=ln(e^xe^y) (1) for noncommuting variables x and y. The first few terms are z_1 = x+y (2) z_2 = 1/2(xy-yx) (3) z_3 = 1/(12)(x^2y+xy^2-2xyx+y^2x+yx^2-2yxy) (4) z_4 ...

In general, an extremal graph is the largest graph of order n which does not contain a given graph G as a subgraph (Skiena 1990, p. 143). Turán studied extremal graphs that ...

The forward difference is a finite difference defined by Deltaa_n=a_(n+1)-a_n. (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the forward difference ...

An algorithm is a specific set of instructions for carrying out a procedure or solving a problem, usually with the requirement that the procedure terminate at some point. ...

A Boolean algebra is a mathematical structure that is similar to a Boolean ring, but that is defined using the meet and join operators instead of the usual addition and ...

Conway games were introduced by J. H. Conway in 1976 to provide a formal structure for analyzing games satisfying certain requirements: 1. There are two players, Left and ...

Dawson's integral (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, pp. 295 and 319), also sometimes called Dawson's function, is the entire function given by the integral F(x) = ...

A dragon curve is a recursive nonintersecting curve whose name derives from its resemblance to a certain mythical creature. The curve can be constructed by representing a ...

A number x in which the first n decimal digits of the fractional part frac(x) sum to 666 is known as an evil number (Pegg and Lomont 2004). However, the term "evil" is also ...