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A pair of prime numbers (p,q) such that p^(q-1)=1 (mod q^2) and q^(p-1)=1 (mod p^2). The only known examples are (2, 1093), (3, 1006003), (5 , 1645333507), (83, 4871), (911, ...

Let K be the knot above, and let the homomorphism h taking a knot K_1 to its companion knot K_2 be faithful (i.e., taking the preferred longitude and meridian of the original ...

where _5F_4(a,b,c,d,e;f,g,h,i;z) is a generalized hypergeometric function and Gamma(z) is the gamma function. Bailey (1935, pp. 25-26) called the Dougall-Ramanujan identity ...

The Drazin inverse is a matrix inverse-like object derived from a given square matrix. In particular, let the index k of a square matrix be defined as the smallest ...

Let C be a smooth geometrically connected projective curve over F_q with q=p^s a prime power. Let infty be a fixed closed point of X but not necessarily F_q-rational. A ...

Given a planar graph G, a geometric dual graph and combinatorial dual graph can be defined. Whitney showed that these are equivalent (Harary 1994), so that one may speak of ...

The dual of a regular tessellation is formed by taking the center of each polygon as a vertex and joining the centers of adjacent polygons. The triangular and hexagonal ...

The dual vector space to a real vector space V is the vector space of linear functions f:V->R, denoted V^*. In the dual of a complex vector space, the linear functions take ...

The Dürer folium is a special case of the rose curve with n=1. It is therefore also an epitrochoid. It has polar equation r=asin(theta/2) (1) and can be written as a ...

A variable that appears in a calculation only as a placeholder and which disappears completely in the final result. For example, in the integral int_0^xf(x^')dx^', x^' is a ...