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Isomorphism is a very general concept that appears in several areas of mathematics. The word derives from the Greek iso, meaning "equal," and morphosis, meaning "to form" or ...

The maximum flow between vertices v_i and v_j in a graph G is exactly the weight of the smallest set of edges to disconnect G with v_i and v_j in different components (Ford ...

Model completion is a term employed when existential closure is successful. The formation of the complex numbers, and the move from affine to projective geometry, are ...

Monster-barring is a term coined by Lakatos (1976) to refer to the refining of a hypothesis to rule out nasty counterexamples (Bailey et al. 2007, p. 11).

A set-like object in which order is ignored, but multiplicity is explicitly significant. Therefore, multisets {1,2,3} and {2,1,3} are equivalent, but {1,1,2,3} and {1,2,3} ...

A branch of mathematics which attempts to formalize the nature of the set using a minimal collection of independent axioms. Unfortunately, as discovered by its earliest ...

The four of Hilbert's axioms which concern the arrangement of points.

y^m=kx^n(a-x)^b. The curves with integer n, b, and m were studied by de Sluze between 1657 and 1698. The name "Pearls of Sluze" was given to these curves by Blaise Pascal ...

Through any point in the plane, there is at most one straight line parallel to a given straight line. This axiom is equivalent to the parallel postulate.

A result in control theory. Define H(psi,x,u)=(psi,f(x,u))=sum_(a=0)^npsi_af^a(x,u). Then in order for a control u(t) and a trajectory x(t) to be optimal, it is necessary ...