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Parallel lines are everywhere equidistant. This postulate is equivalent to the parallel postulate.

A weighted graph in which the weights are equal to the Euclidean lengths of the edges in a specified embedding (Skiena 1990, pp. 201 and 252).

A class of processes which attempt to round off a domain and simplify its theory by adjoining elements.

An exogenous variable is an economic variable which is independent of the relationships determining the equilibrium levels, but nonetheless affects the equilibrium.

A set which contains a nonnegative integral number of elements is said to be finite. A set which is not finite is said to be infinite. A finite or countably infinite set is ...

A game in which each player has a finite number of moves and a finite number of choices at each move.

An elegant algorithm for constructing an Eulerian cycle (Skiena 1990, p. 193).

A functional graph is a directed graph in which each vertex has outdegree one, and can therefore be specified by a function mapping {1,...,n} onto itself. Functional graphs ...

V_t=e^(-ytau)S_tN(d_1)-e^(-rtau)KN(d_2), where N is the cumulative normal distribution and d_1,d_2=(log((S_t)/K)+(r-y+/-1/2sigma^2)tau)/(sigmasqrt(tau)). If y=0, this is the ...

The graph difference of graphs G and H is the graph with adjacency matrix given by the difference of adjacency matrices of G and H. A graph difference is defined when the ...