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A root-finding algorithm used in LU decomposition. It solves the N^2 equations i<j l_(i1)u_(1j)+l_(i2)u_(2j)+...+l_(ii)u_(ij)=a_(ij)i=j ...

The 6-polyiamond illustrated above.

Two bits or half a nibble. Since a crumb encodes values from 0 to 2^2-1=3, it can conveniently be represented using single quaternary digit. However, the term "crumb" is ...

The science of breaking codes, which is one part of cryptology.

Cryptology is the science of making and breaking secure codes. It consists of cryptography, the science of making secure codes, and cryptanalysis, the science of breaking ...

A cubic lattice is a lattice whose points lie at positions (x,y,z) in the Cartesian three-space, where x, y, and z are integers. The term is also used to refer to a regular ...

A cycle double cover of an undirected graph is a collection of cycles that cover each edge of the graph exactly twice. For a polyhedral graph, the faces of a corresponding ...

A linear code C is cyclic if for every codeword (c_0,c_1,...,c_(n-1)) in C, the codeword (c_(n-1),c_0,c_1,...,c_(n-2)) is also in C.

A permutation which shifts all elements of a set by a fixed offset, with the elements shifted off the end inserted back at the beginning. For a set with elements a_0, a_1, ...

The 3-node tournament (and directed graph) illustrated above (Harary 1994, p. 205).