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For a simple continued fraction x=[a_0,a_1,...] with convergents p_n/q_n, the fundamental recurrence relation is given by p_nq_(n-1)-p_(n-1)q_n=(-1)^(n+1).

A curve in two dimensions on which the value of a function f(x,y) is a constant. Other synonymous terms are equipotential curve, isarithm, and isopleth. A plot of several ...

A sentence is called a contradiction if its truth table contains only false entries.

A functor F is called contravariant if it reverses the directions of arrows, i.e., every arrow f:A-->B is mapped to an arrow F(f):F(B)-->F(A).

The mathematical study of how to manipulate the parameters affecting the behavior of a system to produce the desired or optimal outcome.

Given the statement "if P, then Q," or P=>Q, the converse is "if Q, then P." For example, the converse of "If a thing is a dog then it is a mammal" is "If a thing is a mammal ...

The period of time between interest payments.

The problem of maximizing a linear function over a convex polyhedron, also known as operations research or optimization theory. The general problem of convex optimization is ...

The look and say sequence generated from a starting digit of 3, as given by Vardi (1991).

A measure nu of a strange attractor which allows the presence of chaos to be distinguished from random noise. It is related to the capacity dimension D and information ...