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Let X and Y be sets, and let R subset= X×Y be a relation on X×Y. Then R is a concurrent relation if and only if for any finite subset F of X, there exists a single element p ...

Ai(z) and Ai^'(z) have zeros on the negative real axis only. Bi(z) and Bi^'(z) have zeros on the negative real axis and in the sector pi/3<|argz|<pi/2. The nth (real) roots ...

The sign of a real number, also called sgn or signum, is -1 for a negative number (i.e., one with a minus sign "-"), 0 for the number zero, or +1 for a positive number (i.e., ...

The Fourier cosine transform of a real function is the real part of the full complex Fourier transform, F_x^((c))[f(x)](k) = R[F_x[f(x)](k)] (1) = ...

Consider a probability space specified by the triple (S,S,P), where (S,S) is a measurable space, with S the domain and S is its measurable subsets, and P is a measure on S ...

Let V be a vector space over a field K, and let A be a nonempty set. For an appropriately defined affine space A, K is called the coefficient field.

The mathematical study of a nonlinear equation f(phi)=y, where f maps from a Hilbert space X to a Hilbert space Y and y in Y which abstracts the construction of optical ...

A topological space X fulfils the T1-separation axiom and is normal. A space fulfilling the T_4-separation axiom is said to be a T4-space.

A symmetric bilinear form on a vector space V is a bilinear function Q:V×V->R (1) which satisfies Q(v,w)=Q(w,v). For example, if A is a n×n symmetric matrix, then ...

A subset of a topological space is called clopen if it is both closed and open.