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A method for generating random (pseudorandom) numbers using the linear recurrence relation X_(n+1)=aX_n+c (mod m), where a and c must assume certain fixed values, m is some ...

Hoffman (1998, p. 90) calls the sum of the exponents in the prime factorization of a number its roundness. The first few values for n=1, 2, ... are 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, ...

Given a set P with |P|=p elements consisting of c_1 numbers 1, c_2 numbers 2, ..., and c_n numbers n and c_1+c_2+...+c_n=p, find the number of permutations with k-1 rises ...

Every even number is the difference of two consecutive primes in infinitely many ways (Dickson 2005, p. 424). If true, taking the difference 2, this conjecture implies that ...

A division algebra, also called a "division ring" or "skew field," is a ring in which every nonzero element has a multiplicative inverse, but multiplication is not ...

Thâbit ibn Kurrah's rules is a beautiful result of Thâbit ibn Kurrah dating back to the tenth century (Woepcke 1852; Escott 1946; Dickson 2005, pp. 5 and 39; Borho 1972). ...

A polynomial is said to be irreducible if it cannot be factored into nontrivial polynomials over the same field. For example, in the field of rational polynomials Q[x] (i.e., ...

A "visual representation" number which is a sum of some simple function of its digits. For example, 1233 = 12^2+33^2 (1) 2661653 = 1653^2-266^2 (2) 221859 = 22^3+18^3+59^3 ...

A generic word for a very large number. The term has no well-defined mathematical meaning. Conway and Guy (1996) define the nth zillion as 10^(3n+3) in the American system ...

The sequence of numbers obtained by letting a_1=2, and defining a_n=lpf(1+product_(k=1)^(n-1)a_k) where lpf(n) is the least prime factor. The first few terms are 2, 3, 7, 43, ...