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The finite group C_2×C_2 is one of the two distinct groups of group order 4. The name of this group derives from the fact that it is a group direct product of two C_2 ...

A function is a relation that uniquely associates members of one set with members of another set. More formally, a function from A to B is an object f such that every a in A ...

The fundamental theorem(s) of calculus relate derivatives and integrals with one another. These relationships are both important theoretical achievements and pactical tools ...

Interval arithmetic is the arithmetic of quantities that lie within specified ranges (i.e., intervals) instead of having definite known values. Interval arithmetic can be ...

The Kummer surfaces are a family of quartic surfaces given by the algebraic equation (x^2+y^2+z^2-mu^2w^2)^2-lambdapqrs=0, (1) where lambda=(3mu^2-1)/(3-mu^2), (2) p, q, r, ...

Geometry

Construct a square equal in area to a circle using only a straightedge and compass. This was one of the three geometric problems of antiquity, and was perhaps first attempted ...

A connex is a geometric form introduced by Clebsch (1872) that included as special cases the curve considered as a point locus and the curve considered as a line envelope ...

The curl of a vector field, denoted curl(F) or del xF (the notation used in this work), is defined as the vector field having magnitude equal to the maximum "circulation" at ...

In hexagonal close packing, layers of spheres are packed so that spheres in alternating layers overlie one another. As in cubic close packing, each sphere is surrounded by 12 ...