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A round number is a number that is the product of a considerable number of comparatively small factors (Hardy 1999, p. 48). Round numbers are very rare. As Hardy (1999, p. ...

Trigonometric functions of pi/p for p prime have an especially complicated Galois-minimal representation. In particular, the case cos(pi/23) requires approximately 500 MB of ...

Consider the process of taking a number, adding its digits, then adding the digits of the number derived from it, etc., until the remaining number has only one digit. The ...

Curves with Cartesian equation ay^2=x(x^2-2bx+c) with a>0. The above equation represents the third class of Newton's classification of cubic curves, which Newton divided into ...

The square of a graph is defined as its second graph power. The square of any biconnected graph is Hamiltonian (Fleischner 1974, Skiena 1990, p. 231). Mukhopadhyay (1967) has ...

A self-organizing data structure which uses rotations to move any accessed key to the root. This leaves recently accessed nodes near the top of the tree, making them very ...

A leaf of an unrooted tree is a node of vertex degree 1. Note that for a rooted or planted tree, the root vertex is generally not considered a leaf node, whereas all other ...

A root-finding algorithm used in LU decomposition. It solves the N^2 equations i<j l_(i1)u_(1j)+l_(i2)u_(2j)+...+l_(ii)u_(ij)=a_(ij)i=j ...

The field of reals is the set of real numbers, which form a field. This field is commonly denoted R (doublestruck R).

A series suma(n)e^(-lambda(n)z), where a(n) and z are complex and {lambda(n)} is a monotonic increasing sequence of real numbers. The numbers lambda(n) are called the ...