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The nth subfactorial (also called the derangement number; Goulden and Jackson 1983, p. 48; Graham et al. 2003, p. 1050) is the number of permutations of n objects in which no ...

A formula which counts the number of fixed points for a topological transformation.

The symbol "+" which is used to denote a positive number or to indicate addition.

A quadrature (numerical integration) algorithm which has a number of desirable properties.

A definite integral is an integral int_a^bf(x)dx (1) with upper and lower limits. If x is restricted to lie on the real line, the definite integral is known as a Riemann ...

A positive integer n is kth powerfree if there is no number d such that d^k|n (d^k divides n), i.e., there are no kth powers or higher in the prime factorization of n. A ...

If alpha is any number and m and n are integers, then there is a rational number m/n for which |alpha-m/n|<=1/n. (1) If alpha is irrational and k is any whole number, there ...

A number D that possesses no common divisor with a prime number p is either a quadratic residue or nonresidue of p, depending whether D^((p-1)/2) is congruent mod p to +/-1.

A set partition of a set S is a collection of disjoint subsets of S whose union is S. The number of partitions of the set {k}_(k=1)^n is called a Bell number.

The logarithm of the reciprocal of a number, equal to the negative of the logarithm of the number itself, cologx=log(1/x)=-logx.