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The word residue is used in a number of different contexts in mathematics. Two of the most common uses are the complex residue of a pole, and the remainder of a congruence. ...

An extremely fast factorization method developed by Pollard which was used to factor the RSA-130 number. This method is the most powerful known for factoring general numbers, ...

If p is prime, then p|P(p), where P(p) is a member of the Perrin sequence 3, 0, 2, 3, 2, 5, 5, 7, 10, 12, 17, ... (OEIS A001608). A Perrin pseudoprime is a composite number n ...

In his Meditationes algebraicae, Waring (1770, 1782) proposed a generalization of Lagrange's four-square theorem, stating that every rational integer is the sum of a fixed ...

One form of van der Waerden's theorem states that for all positive integers k and r, there exists a constant n(r,k) such that if n_0>=n(r,k) and {1,2,...,n_0} subset C_1 ...

Let S(x) denote the number of positive integers not exceeding x which can be expressed as a sum of two squares (i.e., those n<=x such that the sum of squares function ...

Apéry's constant is defined by zeta(3)=1.2020569..., (1) (OEIS A002117) where zeta(z) is the Riemann zeta function. Apéry (1979) proved that zeta(3) is irrational, although ...

11 11 1 11 2 2 11 2 4 2 11 3 6 6 3 11 3 9 10 9 3 11 4 12 19 19 12 4 11 4 16 28 38 28 16 4 11 5 20 44 66 66 44 20 5 11 5 25 60 110 126 110 60 25 5 1 (1) Losanitsch's triangle ...

There are several closely related results that are variously known as the binomial theorem depending on the source. Even more confusingly a number of these (and other) ...

11 21 3 41 4 7 81 5 11 15 161 6 16 26 31 32 (1) The number triangle illustrated above (OEIS A008949) composed of the partial sums of binomial coefficients, a_(nk) = ...