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Taking the locus of midpoints from a fixed point to a circle of radius r results in a circle of radius r/2. This follows trivially from r(theta) = [-x; 0]+1/2([rcostheta; ...

A geometric figure which touches only the vertices (or other extremities) of another figure.

A multiplicative factor (usually indexed) such as one of the constants a_i in the polynomial a_nx^n+a_(n-1)x^(n-1)+...+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0. In this polynomial, the monomials are ...

The cokernel of a group homomorphism f:A-->B of Abelian groups (modules, or abstract vector spaces) is the quotient group (quotient module or quotient space, respectively) ...

Given an arithmetic series {a_1,a_1+d,a_1+2d,...}, the number d is called the common difference associated to the sequence.

Two elements x and y of a set S are said to be commutative under a binary operation * if they satisfy x*y=y*x. (1) Real numbers are commutative under addition x+y=y+x (2) and ...

A requirement necessary for a given statement or theorem to hold. Also called a criterion.

A generalization of Poncelet's continuity principle made by H. Schubert in 1874-1879. The conservation of number principle asserts that the number of solutions of any ...

A curve in two dimensions on which the value of a function f(x,y) is a constant. Other synonymous terms are equipotential curve, isarithm, and isopleth. A plot of several ...

An entire Cremona transformation is a birational transformation of the plane. Cremona transformations are maps of the form x_(i+1) = f(x_i,y_i) (1) y_(i+1) = g(x_i,y_i), (2) ...