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Let A denote an R-algebra, so that A is a vector space over R and A×A->A (1) (x,y)|->x·y. (2) Then A is said to be alternative if, for all x,y in A, (x·y)·y=x·(y·y) (3) ...

The greatest radial distance of an ellipse as measured from a focus. Taking v=pi in the equation of an ellipse r=(a(1-e^2))/(1+ecosv) gives the apoapsis distance r_+=a(1+e). ...

Let p be an odd prime, a be a positive number such that pa (i.e., p does not divide a), and let x be one of the numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., p-1. Then there is a unique x^', called ...

For P, Q, R, and S polynomials in n variables [P·Q,R·S]=sum_(i_1,...,i_n>=0)A/(i_1!...i_n!), (1) where A=[R^((i_1,...,i_n))(D_1,...,D_n)Q(x_1,...,x_n) ...

The nth order Bernstein expansion of a function f(x) in terms of a variable x is given by B_n(f,x)=sum_(j=0)^n(n; j)x^j(1-x)^(n-j)f(j/n), (1) (Gzyl and Palacios 1997, Mathé ...

Define O = lim_(->)O(n),F=R (1) U = lim_(->)U(n),F=C (2) Sp = lim_(->)Sp(n),F=H. (3) Then Omega^2BU = BU×Z (4) Omega^4BO = BSp×Z (5) Omega^4BSp = BO×Z. (6)

A (symmetrical) boundary set of radius r and center x_0 is the set of all points x such that |x-x_0|=r. Let x_0 be the origin. In R^1, the boundary set is then the pair of ...

The evolute of the cardioid x = cost(1+cost) (1) y = sint(1+cost) (2) is the curve x_e = 2/3a+1/3acostheta(1-costheta) (3) y_e = 1/3asintheta(1-costheta), (4) which is a ...

For the cardioid given parametrically as x = a(1+cost)cost (1) y = a(1+cost)sint, (2) the involute is given by x_i = 2a+3acostheta(1-costheta) (3) y_i = ...

sum_(k=0)^m(phi_k(x)phi_k(y))/(gamma_k)=(phi_(m+1)(x)phi_m(y)-phi_m(x)phi_(m+1)(y))/(a_mgamma_m(x-y),) (1) where phi_k(x) are orthogonal polynomials with weighting function ...