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A homogeneous space M is a space with a transitive group action by a Lie group. Because a transitive group action implies that there is only one group orbit, M is isomorphic ...

If theta is a given irrational number, then the sequence of numbers {ntheta}, where {x}=x-|_x_|, is dense in the unit interval. Explicitly, given any alpha, 0<=alpha<=1, and ...

An irregular dodecagonal cross in the shape of a dagger |. The six faces of a cube can be cut along seven edges and unfolded into a Latin cross (i.e., the Latin cross is the ...

The set of octonions, also sometimes called Cayley numbers and denoted O, consists of the elements in a Cayley algebra. A typical octonion is of the form ...

The regular skew icosahedron is a six-dimensional regular polytope that is just as symmetric as the Platonic icosahedron, but having different angles (Coxeter 1950; Coxeter ...

A Hamiltonian cycle, also called a Hamiltonian circuit, Hamilton cycle, or Hamilton circuit, is a graph cycle (i.e., closed loop) through a graph that visits each node ...

A subset is a portion of a set. B is a subset of A (written B subset= A) iff every member of B is a member of A. If B is a proper subset of A (i.e., a subset other than the ...

Grünbaum conjectured that for every m>1, n>2, there exists an m-regular, m-chromatic graph of girth at least n. This result is trivial for n=2 and m=2,3, but only a small ...

A generalization of the p-adic norm first proposed by Kürschák in 1913. A valuation |·| on a field K is a function from K to the real numbers R such that the following ...

Let the elliptic modulus k satisfy 0<k^2<1, and the Jacobi amplitude be given by phi=amu with -pi/2<phi<pi/2. The incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind is then ...