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A hyperelliptic curve is an algebraic curve given by an equation of the form y^2=f(x), where f(x) is a polynomial of degree n>4 with n distinct roots. If f(x) is a cubic or ...

The evolute of a hypotrochoid is a complicated equation. Examples are illustrated above.

A partial differential equation whose solution does not depend continuously on its parameters (including but not limited to boundary conditions) is said to be ill-posed.

A function of the coordinates which is constant along a trajectory in phase space. The number of degrees of freedom of a dynamical system such as the Duffing differential ...

Three concurrent homologous lines pass respectively through three fixed points on the similitude circle which are known as the invariable points.

A linear transformation of period two. Since a linear transformation has the form, lambda^'=(alphalambda+beta)/(gammalambda+delta), (1) applying the transformation a second ...

Let a plane figure have area A and perimeter p. Then Q=(4piA)/(p^2)<=1, where Q is known as the isoperimetric quotient. The equation becomes an equality only for a circle.

Q_n^((alpha,beta))(x)=2^(-n-1)(x-1)^(-alpha)(x+1)^(-beta) ×int_(-1)^1(1-t)^(n+alpha)(1+t)^(n+beta)(x-t)^(-n-1)dt. In the exceptional case n=0, alpha+beta+1=0, a nonconstant ...

Given a convex plane region with area A and perimeter p, then |N-A|<p, where N is the number of enclosed lattice points.

A joint distribution function is a distribution function D(x,y) in two variables defined by D(x,y) = P(X<=x,Y<=y) (1) D_x(x) = lim_(y->infty)D(x,y) (2) D_y(y) = ...