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The word "rank" refers to several related concepts in mathematics involving graphs, groups, matrices, quadratic forms, sequences, set theory, statistics, and tensors. In ...

The Lyapunov characteristic exponent [LCE] gives the rate of exponential divergence from perturbed initial conditions. To examine the behavior of an orbit around a point ...

There are many unsolved problems in mathematics. Several famous problems which have recently been solved include: 1. The Pólya conjecture (disproven by Haselgrove 1958, ...

There are several different definitions of the term "unital" used throughout various branches of mathematics. In geometric combinatorics, a block design of the form (q^3+1, ...

A quantity such as a polynomial discriminant which remains unchanged under a given class of algebraic transformations. Such invariants were originally called ...

The ampersand curve is the name given by Cundy and Rowlett (1989, p. 72) to the quartic curve with implicit equation (y^2-x^2)(x-1)(2x-3)=4(x^2+y^2-2x)^2. (1) Although it is ...

Every irrational number x has an approximation constant c(x) defined by c(x)=lim inf_(q->infty)q|qx-p|, where p=nint(qx) is the nearest integer to qx and lim inf is the ...

An integer n is p-balanced for p a prime if, among all nonzero binomial coefficients (n; k) for k=0, ..., n (mod p), there are equal numbers of quadratic residues and ...

Barban's constant is defined as C_(Barban) = product_(p)[1+(3p^2-1)/(p(p+1)(p^2-1))] (1) = 2.596536... (2) (OEIS A175640), where the product is over the primes p.

The Brent-Salamin formula, also called the Gauss-Salamin formula or Salamin formula, is a formula that uses the arithmetic-geometric mean to compute pi. It has quadratic ...