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In practice, the vertical offsets from a line (polynomial, surface, hyperplane, etc.) are almost always minimized instead of the perpendicular offsets. This provides a ...

A point about which inversion of two circles produced concentric circles. Every pair of distinct circles has two limiting points. The limiting points correspond to the point ...

A linear congruence equation ax=b (mod m) (1) is solvable iff the congruence b=0 (mod d) (2) with d=GCD(a,m) is the greatest common divisor is solvable. Let one solution to ...

A linear equation is an algebraic equation of the form y=mx+b involving only a constant and a first-order (linear) term, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. The ...

A map is a way of associating unique objects to every element in a given set. So a map f:A|->B from A to B is a function f such that for every a in A, there is a unique ...

Murata's constant is defined as C_(Murata) = product_(p)[1+1/((p-1)^2)] (1) = 2.82641999... (2) (OEIS A065485), where the product is over the primes p. It can also be written ...

A real quantity having a value less than zero (<0) is said to be negative. Negative numbers are denoted with a minus sign preceding the corresponding positive number, i.e., ...

The nested radical constant is the constant defined by C = sqrt(1+sqrt(2+sqrt(3+sqrt(4+sqrt(5+...))))) (1) = 1.75793275... (2) (OEIS A072449). No closed-form expression is ...

There are several meanings of "null vector" in mathematics. 1. The most common meaning of null vector is the n-dimensional vector 0 of length 0. i.e., the vector with n ...

An orthogonal transformation is a linear transformation T:V->V which preserves a symmetric inner product. In particular, an orthogonal transformation (technically, an ...