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The Zeckendorf representation of a positive integer n is a representation of n as a sum of nonconsecutive distinct Fibonacci numbers, n=sum_(k=2)^Lepsilon_kF_k, where ...

It is always possible to "fairly" divide a cake among n people using only vertical cuts. Furthermore, it is possible to cut and divide a cake such that each person believes ...

Ergodic theory can be described as the statistical and qualitative behavior of measurable group and semigroup actions on measure spaces. The group is most commonly N, R, R-+, ...

An irreducible representation of a group is a group representation that has no nontrivial invariant subspaces. For example, the orthogonal group O(n) has an irreducible ...

The lines containing the three points of the intersection of the three pairs of opposite sides of a (not necessarily regular) hexagon. There are 6! (i.e., 6 factorial) ...

Propositional calculus is the formal basis of logic dealing with the notion and usage of words such as "NOT," "OR," "AND," and "implies." Many systems of propositional ...

A Latin square is said to be odd if it contains an odd number of rows and columns that are odd permutations. Otherwise, it is said to be even. Let the number of even Latin ...

The alternating factorial is defined as the sum of consecutive factorials with alternating signs, a(n)=sum_(k=1)^n(-1)^(n-k)k!. (1) They can be given in closed form as ...

The conjugate transpose of an m×n matrix A is the n×m matrix defined by A^(H)=A^_^(T), (1) where A^(T) denotes the transpose of the matrix A and A^_ denotes the conjugate ...

For vectors u=(u_x,u_y,u_z) and v=(v_x,v_y,v_z) in R^3, the cross product in is defined by uxv = x^^(u_yv_z-u_zv_y)-y^^(u_xv_z-u_zv_x)+z^^(u_xv_y-u_yv_x) (1) = ...