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The sum of sets A and B in a vector space, equal to {a+b:a in A,b in B}.

A method for finding solutions u and v to a linear congruence au+bv=d by constructing a matrix formed by adjoining a vector containing a and b with a unit matrix, M=[a 1 0; b ...

All Euclidean geometric constructions can be carried out with a straightedge alone if, in addition, one is given the radius of a single circle and its center. The theorem was ...

An example of a subspace of the Euclidean plane that is connected but not pathwise-connected with respect to the relative topology. It is formed by the ray y=0, x<=0 and the ...

Disconnectivities are mathematical entities which stand in the way of a space being contractible (i.e., shrunk to a point, where the shrinking takes place inside the space ...

Fredholm's theorem states that, if A is an m×n matrix, then the orthogonal complement of the row space of A is the null space of A, and the orthogonal complement of the ...

A topological space fulfilling the T_2-axiom: i.e., any two points have disjoint neighborhoods. In the terminology of Alexandroff and Hopf (1972), a T_2-space is called a ...

A unit-distance graph is a distance graph having an embedding in the Euclidean plane (unit-distance embedding) in which vertices are distinct points and all edges are of ...

The continuous image of a Polish space, also called an analytic set.

Given integers a and b with close to 2n bits each, the half-GCD of a and b is a 2×2 matrix [u v; u^' v^'] with determinant equal to -1 or 1 such that ua+vb=r and ...