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A cryptarithmetic in which the letters used to represent distinct digits are derived from related words or meaningful phrases. The term was coined by Hunter in 1955 (Madachy ...

A relation R on a set S is antisymmetric provided that distinct elements are never both related to one another. In other words xRy and yRx together imply that x=y.

A pattern tau=(tau_1,...,tau_n) is said to avoid alpha=(alpha_1,...,alpha_k) if alpha is not contained in tau. In other words, tau avoids alpha iff no k-subset of tau is ...

For any set theoretic formula f(x,t_1,t_2,...,t_n), In other words, for any formula and set A there is a subset of A consisting exactly of those elements which satisfy the ...

The operating of shifting the leading digits of an addition into the next column to the left when the sum of that column exceeds a single digit (i.e., 9 in base 10).

Each of the maps of a cochain complex ...->C^(i-1)->^(d^(i-1))C^i->^(d^i)C^(i+1)->... is known as a coboundary operator.

A topological space is compact if every open cover of X has a finite subcover. In other words, if X is the union of a family of open sets, there is a finite subfamily whose ...

Two angles alpha and beta are said to be complementary if alpha+beta=pi/2. In other words, alpha and beta are complementary angles if they produce a right angle when combined.

A subset tau in S_n of a permutation {1,...,n} is said to contain alpha in S_k if there exist 1<=i_1<...<i_k<=n such that tau=(tau_i,...,tau_k) is order isomorphic to ...

A linear code C is cyclic if for every codeword (c_0,c_1,...,c_(n-1)) in C, the codeword (c_(n-1),c_0,c_1,...,c_(n-2)) is also in C.