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The mathematical study of knots. Knot theory considers questions such as the following: 1. Given a tangled loop of string, is it really knotted or can it, with enough ...

A linear equation is an algebraic equation of the form y=mx+b involving only a constant and a first-order (linear) term, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. The ...

Throughout abstract algebra, the term "magma" is most often used as a synonym of the more antiquated term "groupoid," referring to a set equipped with a binary operator. The ...

A function f:X->R is measurable if, for every real number a, the set {x in X:f(x)>a} is measurable. When X=R with Lebesgue measure, or more generally any Borel measure, then ...

The word "median" has several different meanings in mathematics all related to the "middle" of mathematical objects. The statistical median is an order statistic that gives ...

Let g(x_1,...,x_n,y) be a function such that for any x_1, ..., x_n, there is at least one y such that g(x_1,...,x_n,y)=0. Then the mu-operator muy(g(x_1,...,x_n,y)=0) gives ...

The multinomial coefficients (n_1,n_2,...,n_k)!=((n_1+n_2+...+n_k)!)/(n_1!n_2!...n_k!) (1) are the terms in the multinomial series expansion. In other words, the number of ...

Let A be a normed (Banach) algebra. An algebraic left A-module X is said to be a normed (Banach) left A-module if X is a normed (Banach) space and the outer multiplication is ...

The number of partitions of n with k or fewer addends, or equivalently, into partitions with no element greater than k. This function is denoted q(n,k) or q_k(n). (Note that ...

The maximum distance between n points in three dimensions can occur no more than 2n-2 times. Also, there exists a fixed number c such that no distance determined by a set of ...