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Propositional calculus, first-order logic, and other theories in mathematical logic are defined by their axioms (or axiom schemata, plural: axiom schemata) and inference ...

A method of solving combinatorial problems by means of an algorithm which is allowed to run forward until a dead end is reached, at which point previous steps are retraced ...

A method which can be used to solve some classes of integral equations and is especially useful in implementing certain types of data inversion. It has been applied to invert ...

A Bäcklund transformation allows additional solutions to a nonlinear partial differential equations to be found if one particular solution is already known.

If, for n>=0, beta_n=sum_(r=0)^n(alpha_r)/((q;q)_(n-r)(aq;q)_(n+r)), (1) then beta_n^'=sum_(r=0)^n(alpha_r^')/((q;q)_(n-r)(aq;q)_(n+r)), (2) where alpha_r^' = ...

For a normed space (X,||·||), define X^~ to be the set of all equivalent classes of Cauchy sequences obtained by the relation {x_n}∼{y_n} if and only if lim_(n)||x_n-y_n||=0. ...

If a contour in the complex plane is curved such that it separates the increasing and decreasing sequences of poles, then ...

A polynomial sequence p_n(x) is called the basic polynomial sequence for a delta operator Q if 1. p_0(x)=1, 2. p_n(0)=0 for all n>0, 3. Qp_n(x)=np_(n-1)(x). If p_n(x) is a ...

There are several versions of the Berry paradox, the original version of which was published by Bertrand Russell and attributed to Oxford University librarian Mr. G. Berry. ...

A type of abstract space which occurs in spline and rational function approximations. The Besov space B_(p,q)^alpha is a complete quasinormed space which is a Banach space ...