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Let f(x) be a nonnegative and monotonic decreasing function in [a,b] and g(x) such that 0<=g(x)<=1 in [a,b], then int_(b-k)^bf(x)dx<=int_a^bf(x)g(x)dx<=int_a^(a+k)f(x)dx, ...

A function on the reals R is a step function if it can be written as a finite linear combination of semi-open intervals [a,b) subset= R. Therefore, a step function f can be ...

Orthogonal polynomials associated with weighting function w(x) = pi^(-1/2)kexp(-k^2ln^2x) (1) = pi^(-1/2)kx^(-k^2lnx) (2) for x in (0,infty) and k>0. Defining ...

The integral transform (Kf)(x)=Gamma(p)int_0^infty(x+t)^(-p)f(t)dt. Note the lower limit of 0, not -infty as implied in Samko et al. (1993, p. 23, eqn. 1.101).

Stochastic optimization refers to the minimization (or maximization) of a function in the presence of randomness in the optimization process. The randomness may be present as ...

The asymptotic series of the Airy function Ai(z) (and other similar functions) has a different form in different sectors of the complex plane.

The Stolarsky mean of two numbers a and c is defined by S_p(a,c)=[(a^p-c^p)/(p(a-c))]^(1/(p-1)) (Havil 2003, p. 121).

The Machin-like formula 1/4pi=cot^(-1)2+cot^(-1)5+cot^(-1)8.

An inequality is strict if replacing any "less than" and "greater than" signs with equal signs never gives a true expression. For example, a<=b is not strict, whereas a<b is.

A function f(x) is said to be strictly decreasing on an interval I if f(b)<f(a) for all b>a, where a,b in I. On the other hand, if f(b)<=f(a) for all b>a, the function is ...