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Elementary number theory is the branch of number theory in which elementary methods (i.e., arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra) are used to solve equations with ...

E(a,b)/p denotes the elliptic group modulo p whose elements are 1 and infty together with the pairs of integers (x,y) with 0<=x,y<p satisfying y^2=x^3+ax+b (mod p) (1) with a ...

The real projective plane with elliptic metric where the distance between two points P and Q is defined as the radian angle between the projection of the points on the ...

A catastrophe which can occur for three control factors and two behavior axes. The elliptical umbilic is catastrophe of codimension 3 that has the equation ...

The radial curve of an epicycloid is shown above for an epicycloid with four cusps. Although it is claimed to be a rose curve by Lawrence (1972), it is not.

Two matrices A and B are equal to each other, written A=B, if they have the same dimensions m×n and the same elements a_(ij)=b_(ij) for i=1, ..., n and j=1, ..., m. ...

The derivative (deltaL)/(deltaq)=(partialL)/(partialq)-d/(dt)((partialL)/(partialq^.)) appearing in the Euler-Lagrange differential equation.

The first quadratic nonresidue mod p of a number is always less than 3(lnp)^2/2 (Wedeniwski 2001).

The degree (or relative degree, or index) of an extension field K/F, denoted [K:F], is the dimension of K as a vector space over F, i.e., [K:F]=dim_FK. If [K:F] is finite, ...

The knots that make up a knot sum of a composite knot are known as factor knots (Adams 1994, p. 8).