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A Gaussian integer is a complex number a+bi where a and b are integers. The Gaussian integers are members of the imaginary quadratic field Q(sqrt(-1)) and form a ring often ...

Landau's function g(n) is the maximum order of an element in the symmetric group S_n. The value g(n) is given by the largest least common multiple of all partitions of the ...

First published in Riemann's groundbreaking 1859 paper (Riemann 1859), the Riemann hypothesis is a deep mathematical conjecture which states that the nontrivial Riemann zeta ...

Two lattice points (x,y) and (x^',y^') are mutually visible if the line segment joining them contains no further lattice points. This corresponds to the requirement that ...

The Abel-Plana formula gives an expression for the difference between a discrete sum and the corresponding integral. The formula can be derived from the argument principle ...

Let K be a class of topological spaces that is closed under homeomorphism, and let X be a topological space. If X in K and for every Y in K such that X subset= Y, X is a ...

The law appearing in the definition of Boolean algebras and lattice which states that a ^ (a v b)=a v (a ^ b)=a for binary operators v and ^ (which most commonly are logical ...

A number of the form n^...^_()_(n)n, where Knuth up-arrow notation has been used. The first few Ackermann numbers are 1^1=1, 2^^2=4, and ...

A link which has a link diagram with alternating underpasses and overpasses. The proportion of links which are alternating tends exponentially to zero with increasing ...

A surface of revolution defined by Kepler. It consists of more than half of a circular arc rotated about an axis passing through the endpoints of the arc. The equations of ...