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Characterized by allowing only integer values.

The disorder number of a simple connected graph on n vertices is defined as the maximum length of a walk along the edges of the graph taken over all ordering of its vertices ...

Let D be a set of positive numbers containing 1, then the D-distance graph X(D) on a nonempty subset X of Euclidean space is the graph with vertex set X and edge set ...

A multiplication * is said to be right distributive if (x+y)z=xz+yz for every x, y, and z. Similarly, it is said to be left distributive if z(x+y)=zx+zy for every x, y, and ...

A divisor, also called a factor, of a number n is a number d which divides n (written d|n). For integers, only positive divisors are usually considered, though obviously the ...

The double sphere is the degenerate quartic surface (x^2+y^2+z^2-r^2)^2=0 obtained by squaring the left-hand side of the equation of a usual sphere x^2+y^2+z^2-r^2=0.

The Eisenstein units are the Eisenstein integers +/-1, +/-omega, +/-omega^2, where omega = 1/2(-1+isqrt(3)) (1) omega^2 = 1/2(-1-isqrt(3)). (2)

Elementary methods consist of arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra. These are the only tools that may be used in the branch of number theory known as elementary ...

Elementary number theory is the branch of number theory in which elementary methods (i.e., arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra) are used to solve equations with ...

E(a,b)/p denotes the elliptic group modulo p whose elements are 1 and infty together with the pairs of integers (x,y) with 0<=x,y<p satisfying y^2=x^3+ax+b (mod p) (1) with a ...