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Horowitz reduction is used in indefinite integration to reduce a rational function into polynomial and logarithmic parts. The polynomial part is then trivially integrated, ...

The idempotent numbers are given by B_(n,k)(1,2,3,...)=(n; k)k^(n-k), where B_(n,k) is a Bell polynomial and (n; k) is a binomial coefficient. A table of the first few is ...

A quantity which remains unchanged under certain classes of transformations. Invariants are extremely useful for classifying mathematical objects because they usually reflect ...

A complicated polynomial root-finding algorithm which is used in the IMSL® (IMSL, Houston, TX) library and which Press et al. (1992) describe as "practically a standard in ...

The Lehmer-Mahler is the following integral representation for the Legendre polynomial P_n(x): P_n(costheta) = 1/piint_0^pi(costheta+isinthetacosphi)^ndphi (1) = ...

The Laplacian spectral radius of a finite graph is defined as the largest value of its Laplacian spectrum, i.e., the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix (Lin et al. ...

In calculus, geometry, and plotting contexts, the term "linear function" means a function whose graph is a straight line, i.e., a polynomial function of degree 0 or 1. A ...

The longest path problem asks to find a path of maximum length in a given graph. The problem is NP-complete, but there exists an efficient dynamic programming solution for ...

Module multiplicity is a number associated with every nonzero finitely generated graded module M over a graded ring R for which the Hilbert series is defined. If dim(M)=d, ...

In a set X equipped with a binary operation · called a product, the multiplicative identity is an element e such that e·x=x·e=x for all x in X. It can be, for example, the ...