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There are many formulas of pi of many types. Among others, these include series, products, geometric constructions, limits, special values, and pi iterations. pi is ...

The ABC (atom-bond connectivity) spectral radius rho_(ABC) of a graph is defined as the largest eigenvalue of its ABC matrix. Chen (2019) showed that for a tree on 3 or more ...

Let A be a commutative ring and let C_r be an R-module for r=0,1,2,.... A chain complex C__ of the form C__:...|->C_n|->C_(n-1)|->C_(n-2)|->...|->C_2|->C_1|->C_0 is said to ...

Suppose that X is a vector space over the field of complex or real numbers. Then the set of all linear functionals on X forms a vector space called the algebraic conjugate ...

Let X be an alphabet (i.e., a finite and nonempty set), and call its member letters. A word on X is a finite sequence of letters a_1...a_n, where a_1,...,a_n in X. Denote the ...

An Anosov diffeomorphism is a C^1 diffeomorphism phi of a manifold M to itself such that the tangent bundle of M is hyperbolic with respect to phi. Very few classes of Anosov ...

The term "Aristotle gap"' is introduced in this work to refer to the angle between the first and last member of a 5-tetrahedral ring. This gap has angle measure theta = ...

The partial differential equation u_t+u_x+uu_x-u_(xxt)=0 (Benjamin et al. 1972; Arvin and Goldstein 1985; Zwillinger 1997, p. 130). A generalized version is given by u_t-del ...

Bicentric perspective is the study of the projection of 3D space from a pair of fiducial points instead of a single one, the latter of which may be called "centric" or ...

A coordinate system which is similar to bispherical coordinates but having fourth-degree surfaces instead of second-degree surfaces for constant mu. The coordinates are given ...