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A law in (2-valued) logic which states there is no third alternative to truth or falsehood. In other words, for any statement A, either A or not-A must be true and the other ...

The symbol v variously means "disjunction" (i.e., OR in logic) or "join" (for a lattice).

A hypothesis is a proposition that is consistent with known data, but has been neither verified nor shown to be false. In statistics, a hypothesis (sometimes called a ...

An occurrence of a variable in a logic formula which is not inside the scope of a quantifier.

A predicate in logic equivalent to the composition NOT OR that yields false if any condition is true, and true if all conditions are false. A NOR B is equivalent to !(A v B), ...

Let L be a language of first-order predicate logic, let I be an indexing set, and for each i in I, let A_i be a structure of the language L. Let u be an ultrafilter in the ...

Propositional calculus is the formal basis of logic dealing with the notion and usage of words such as "NOT," "OR," "AND," and "implies." Many systems of propositional ...

In logic, a statement which cannot be broken down into smaller statements, also simply called an "atom."

A puzzle in logic in which one or more facts must be inferred from a set of given facts.

An occurrence of a variable in a logic which is not free. Bound variables are also called dummy variables.