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If del xF=0 (i.e., F(x) is an irrotational field) in a simply connected neighborhood U(x) of a point x, then in this neighborhood, F is the gradient of a scalar field phi(x), ...

A roulette is a curve traced by a fixed point on a closed convex curve as that curve rolls without slipping along a second curve. The roulettes described by the foci of ...

A phase curve (i.e., an invariant manifold) which meets a hyperbolic fixed point (i.e., an intersection of a stable and an unstable invariant manifold) or connects the ...

The Yff contact circle is the circumcircle of the Yff contact triangle. Its center has triangle center function alpha=((b-c)(3a^3+b^3+c^3-2a^2b-2a^2c-abc))/a, (1) which does ...

In continuum percolation theory, the Boolean-Poisson model is a Boolean model driven by a stationary point process X which is a Poisson process. The Boolean-Poisson model is ...

Bürmann's theorem deals with the expansion of functions in powers of another function. Let phi(z) be a function of z which is analytic in a closed region S, of which a is an ...

The term Euclidean refers to everything that can historically or logically be referred to Euclid's monumental treatise The Thirteen Books of the Elements, written around the ...

A polygon whose vertices are points of a point lattice. Regular lattice n-gons exists only for n=3, 4, and 6 (Schoenberg 1937, Klamkin and Chrestenson 1963, Maehara 1993). A ...

A Lie group is a smooth manifold obeying the group properties and that satisfies the additional condition that the group operations are differentiable. This definition is ...

An oval is a curve resembling a squashed circle but, unlike the ellipse, without a precise mathematical definition. The word oval derived from the Latin word "ovus" for egg. ...