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A solution zeta_k=e^(2piik/d) to the cyclotomic equation x^d=1. The de Moivre numbers give the coordinates in the complex plane of the polygon vertices of a regular polygon ...

A congruence of the form f(x)=0 (mod n) where f(x) is an integer polynomial (Nagell 1951, p. 73).

For an algebra A, the associator is the trilinear map A×A×A->A given by (x,y,z)=(xy)z-x(yz). The associator is identically zero iff A is associative.

The symbol ^ which is used to denote partial conjunction in symbolic logic. It also appears in several other contexts in mathematics and is sometimes called a "wedge". In ...

The definite integral int_a^bx^ndx={(b^(n+1)-a^(n+1))/(n+1) for n!=1; ln(b/a) for n=-1, (1) where a, b, and x are real numbers and lnx is the natural logarithm.

Let D be a planar Abelian difference set and t be any divisor of n. Then t is a numerical multiplier of D, where a multiplier is defined as an automorphism alpha of a group G ...

For any real alpha and beta such that beta>alpha, let p(alpha)!=0 and p(beta)!=0 be real polynomials of degree n, and v(x) denote the number of sign changes in the sequence ...

Schroeder (1991) calls the ceiling function symbols [ and ] the "gallows" because of their similarity in appearance to the structure used for hangings.

The point that inversion of a curve is performed with respect to.

The circle with respect to which an inverse curve is computed or relative to which inverse points are computed. In three dimensions, inverse points can be computed relative ...