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With a large enough sample, any outrageous thing is likely to happen (Diaconis and Mosteller 1989). Littlewood (1986) considered an event which occurs one in a million times ...

A nonnegative measurable function f is called Lebesgue integrable if its Lebesgue integral intfdmu is finite. An arbitrary measurable function is integrable if f^+ and f^- ...

Legendre's formula counts the number of positive integers less than or equal to a number x which are not divisible by any of the first a primes, (1) where |_x_| is the floor ...

For any algebraic number x of degree n>2, a rational approximation p/q to x must satisfy |x-p/q|>1/(q^n) for sufficiently large q. Writing r=n leads to the definition of the ...

The symbol o(x), pronounced "little-O of x," is one of the Landau symbols and is used to symbolically express the asymptotic behavior of a given function. In particular, if n ...

A semi-Riemannian manifold M=(M,g) is said to be Lorentzian if dim(M)>=2 and if the index I=I_g associated with the metric tensor g satisfies I=1. Alternatively, a smooth ...

An orientation on an n-dimensional manifold is given by a nowhere vanishing differential n-form. Alternatively, it is an bundle orientation for the tangent bundle. If an ...

The McCarthy-91 function is the recursive function defined for positive integer n by M(n)={M(M(n+11)) for n<=100; n-10 for n>100. (1) It takes the value 91 for all n=1, 2, ...

If a number fails Miller's primality test for some base a, it is not a prime. If the number passes, it may be a prime. A composite number passing Miller's test is called a ...

Mills' constant can be defined as the least theta such that f_n=|_theta^(3^n)_| is prime for all positive integers n (Caldwell and Cheng 2005). The first few f_n for n=1, 2, ...