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An inner product is a generalization of the dot product. In a vector space, it is a way to multiply vectors together, with the result of this multiplication being a scalar. ...

The binary quadratic form F=<a,b,c> is said to be reduced if the following conditions hold. Let D=b^2-4ac be the discriminant, then 1. If D is negative, F is reduced if ...

Gradshteyn and Ryzhik (2000) define the circulant determinant by (1) where omega_j is the nth root of unity. The second-order circulant determinant is |x_1 x_2; x_2 ...

Let {y^k} be a set of orthonormal vectors with k=1, 2, ..., K, such that the inner product (y^k,y^k)=1. Then set x=sum_(k=1)^Ku_ky^k (1) so that for any square matrix A for ...

Among the continuous functions on R^n, the positive definite functions are those functions which are the Fourier transforms of nonnegative Borel measures.

X is a p^'-group if p does not divide the group order of X.

The Balaban index J is a graph index defined for a graph on n nodes, m edges, and c connected components by J=m/(gamma+1)sum_((i,j) in E(G))(D_iD_j)^(-1/2), where gamma=m-n+c ...

Conjugation is the process of taking a complex conjugate of a complex number, complex matrix, etc., or of performing a conjugation move on a knot. Conjugation also has a ...

The Jacobian of the derivatives partialf/partialx_1, partialf/partialx_2, ..., partialf/partialx_n of a function f(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) with respect to x_1, x_2, ..., x_n is ...

A Lie group is a group with the structure of a manifold. Therefore, discrete groups do not count. However, the most useful Lie groups are defined as subgroups of some matrix ...