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A formal extension of the hypergeometric function to two variables, resulting in four kinds of functions (Appell 1925; Picard 1880ab, 1881; Goursat 1882; Whittaker and Watson ...

Euler integration was defined by Schanuel and subsequently explored by Rota, Chen, and Klain. The Euler integral of a function f:R->R (assumed to be piecewise-constant with ...

A decomposition of a module into a direct sum of submodules. The index set for the collection of submodules is then called the grading set. Graded modules arise naturally in ...

The representation of a number as a sum of powers of a base b, followed by expression of each of the exponents as a sum of powers of b, etc., until the process stops. For ...

A game in which the possible moves are the same for each player in any position. All positions in all impartial games form an additive Abelian group. For impartial games in ...

Denote the sum of two matrices A and B (of the same dimensions) by C=A+B. The sum is defined by adding entries with the same indices c_(ij)=a_(ij)+b_(ij) over all i and j. ...

Let s_b(n) be the sum of the base-b digits of n, and epsilon(n)=(-1)^(s_2(n)) the Thue-Morse sequence, then product_(n=0)^infty((2n+1)/(2n+2))^(epsilon(n))=1/2sqrt(2).

Let F be a finite field with q elements, and let F_s be a field containing F such that [F_s:F]=s. Let chi be a nontrivial multiplicative character of F and chi^'=chi ...

There are many mathematical and recreational problems related to folding. Origami, the Japanese art of paper folding, is one well-known example. It is possible to make a ...

The combining of two or more quantities using the plus operator. The individual numbers being combined are called addends, and the total is called the sum. The first of ...