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If X and Y are independent variates and X+Y is a normal distribution, then both X and Y must have normal distributions. This was proved by Cramér in 1936.

An arbitrary rotation may be described by only three parameters.

The geodesics on a general cylinder generated by lines parallel to a line l with which the tangent makes a constant angle.

Two or more lines or line segments which are perpendicular are said to be orthogonal.

The polar coordinates r (the radial coordinate) and theta (the angular coordinate, often called the polar angle) are defined in terms of Cartesian coordinates by x = ...

A plane figure for which quadrature is possible is said to be quadrable.

An object which can be constructed by squaring is called squarable.

A vector field on a circle in which the directions of the vectors are all at the same angle to the circle.

If s_x is the standard deviation of a set of samples x_i and x^_ their mean, then the variation coefficient is defined as V=(s_x)/(x^_).

The adjective "affine" indicates everything that is related to the geometry of affine spaces. A coordinate system for the n-dimensional affine space R^n is determined by any ...