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A Ruth-Aaron pair is a pair of consecutive numbers (n,n+1) such that the sums of the prime factors of n and n+1 are equal. They are so named because they were inspired by the ...

Pascal's triangle is a number triangle with numbers arranged in staggered rows such that a_(nr)=(n!)/(r!(n-r)!)=(n; r), (1) where (n; r) is a binomial coefficient. The ...

The unit of solid angle. The solid angle corresponding to all of space being subtended is 4pi steradians.

A number of attractive polyhedron compounds consisting of three octahedra. The first (left figues) is the polyhedron dual of the cube 3-compound. These compounds will be ...

That portion of a region lying "outside" a specified boundary.

The Bombieri p-norm of a polynomial Q(x)=sum_(i=0)^na_ix^i (1) is defined by [Q]_p=[sum_(i=0)^n(n; i)^(1-p)|a_i|^p]^(1/p), (2) where (n; i) is a binomial coefficient. The ...

Let M(h) be the moment-generating function, then the cumulant generating function is given by K(h) = lnM(h) (1) = kappa_1h+1/(2!)h^2kappa_2+1/(3!)h^3kappa_3+..., (2) where ...

The expectation value of a function f(x) in a variable x is denoted <f(x)> or E{f(x)}. For a single discrete variable, it is defined by <f(x)>=sum_(x)f(x)P(x), (1) where P(x) ...

A system of linear differential equations (dy)/(dz)=A(z)y, (1) with A(z) an analytic n×n matrix, for which the matrix A(z) is analytic in C^_\{a_1,...,a_N} and has a pole of ...

Let {a_n} be a nonnegative sequence and f(x) a nonnegative integrable function. Define A_n=sum_(k=1)^na_k (1) and F(x)=int_0^xf(t)dt (2) and take p>1. For sums, ...