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The elastica formed by bent rods and considered in physics can be generalized to curves in a Riemannian manifold which are a critical point for ...

The empire problem, also known as the m-pire problem) asks for the maximum number of colors needed to color countries such that no two countries sharing a common border have ...

A structure consisting of an ordered set of sorted lists such that the head and tail entries of later lists nest within earlier ones. For example, an encroaching list set for ...

The Engel polyhedra are two 38-faced plesiohedra (and hence space-filling) discovered by Engel (Engel 1981; Engel 1986, p. 220; Grünbaum and Shephard 1980; Senechal 1990, ...

Two metrics g_1 and g_2 defined on a space X are called equivalent if they induce the same metric topology on X. This is the case iff, for every point x_0 of X, every ball ...

A mathematical structure first introduced by Kolyvagin (1990) and defined as follows. Let T be a finite-dimensional p-adic representation of the Galois group of a number ...

Five point geometry is a finite geometry subject to the following three axioms: 1. there exist exactly five points, 2. each two distinct points have exactly one line on both ...

Simply stated, floating-point arithmetic is arithmetic performed on floating-point representations by any number of automated devices. Traditionally, this definition is ...

Four line geometry is a finite geometry subject to the following three axioms: 1. there exist exactly four lines, 2. any two distinct lines have exactly one point of on both ...

A free Abelian group is a group G with a subset which generates the group G with the only relation being ab=ba. That is, it has no group torsion. All such groups are a direct ...