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An arrangement of overlapping circles which cover the entire plane. A lower bound for a covering using equivalent circles is 2pi/sqrt(27) (Williams 1979, p. 51).

A complex rotation is a map of the form z|->ze^(itheta), where theta is a real number, which corresponds to counterclockwise rotation by theta radians about the origin of ...

A proof based on a dissection which shows the formula for the area of a plane figure or of the volume of a solid. Dozens of different dissection proofs are known for the ...

The problem of finding in how many ways E_n a plane convex polygon of n sides can be divided into triangles by diagonals. Euler first proposed it to Christian Goldbach in ...

The substitution of re^(itheta) for z in a polynomial p(z). p(z) is then plotted as a function of theta for a given r in the complex plane. By varying r so that the curve ...

Let R be a plane region bounded above by a continuous curve y=f(x), below by the x-axis, and on the left and right by x=a and x=b, then the volume of the solid of revolution ...

Let M subset R^3 be a regular surface and u_(p) a unit tangent vector to M, and let Pi(u_(p),N(p)) be the plane determined by u_(p) and the normal to the surface N(p). Then ...

Sinai billiards is the reflection of a ray of light by an arrangement of perfectly reflecting circles in the plane (Trott 2004, pp. 28-30). The path is extremely sensitive to ...

A spheroidal section is the curve formed by the intersection of a plane with a spheroid. A spheroidal section is either a circle (for planes parallel to an equator, i.e., ...

That portion of geometry dealing with solids, as opposed to plane geometry. Solid geometry is concerned with polyhedra, spheres, three-dimensional solids, lines in ...