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In the American system, one billion equals 10^9=1000000000. In the French and German systems, one billion equals 10^(12). In recent years, the "American" system has become ...

A boundary value problem is a problem, typically an ordinary differential equation or a partial differential equation, which has values assigned on the physical boundary of ...

If the trilinear polars of the polygon vertices of a triangle are distinct from the respectively opposite sides, they meet the sides in three collinear points.

The Christoffel symbols are tensor-like objects derived from a Riemannian metric g. They are used to study the geometry of the metric and appear, for example, in the geodesic ...

A linear operator A:D(A)->H from its domain D(A) into a Hilbert space H is closable if it has a closed extension B:D(B)->H where D(A) subset D(B). Closable operators are ...

A partially ordered set (or ordered set or poset for short) (L,<=) is called a complete lattice if every subset M of L has a least upper bound (supremum, supM) and a greatest ...

The science of adversarial information protection.

A function f(x) decreases on an interval I if f(b)<=f(a) for all b>a, where a,b in I. If f(b)<f(a) for all b>a, the function is said to be strictly decreasing. Conversely, a ...

The word "degree" has many meanings in mathematics. The most common meaning is the unit of angle measure defined such that an entire rotation is 360 degrees. This unit harks ...

An implicit method for solving an ordinary differential equation that uses f(x_n,y_n) in y_(n+1). In the case of a heat equation, for example, this means that a linear system ...