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A plane is a two-dimensional doubly ruled surface spanned by two linearly independent vectors. The generalization of the plane to higher dimensions is called a hyperplane. ...

Given a Poisson process, the probability of obtaining exactly n successes in N trials is given by the limit of a binomial distribution P_p(n|N)=(N!)/(n!(N-n)!)p^n(1-p)^(N-n). ...

An integer m such that if p|m, then p^2|m, is called a powerful number. There are an infinite number of powerful numbers, and the first few are 1, 4, 8, 9, 16, 25, 27, 32, ...

A prime factor is a factor that is prime, i.e., one that cannot itself be factored. In general, a prime factorization takes the form ...

The factorization of a number into its constituent primes, also called prime decomposition. Given a positive integer n>=2, the prime factorization is written ...

The prime zeta function P(s)=sum_(p)1/(p^s), (1) where the sum is taken over primes is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function zeta(s)=sum_(k=1)^infty1/(k^s), (2) where ...

Probability is the branch of mathematics that studies the possible outcomes of given events together with the outcomes' relative likelihoods and distributions. In common ...

The regular heptagon is the seven-sided regular polygon illustrated above, which has Schläfli symbol {7}. According to Bankoff and Garfunkel (1973), "since the earliest days ...

A Riemann surface is a surface-like configuration that covers the complex plane with several, and in general infinitely many, "sheets." These sheets can have very complicated ...

Let a spherical triangle be drawn on the surface of a sphere of radius R, centered at a point O=(0,0,0), with vertices A, B, and C. The vectors from the center of the sphere ...