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The composite number problem asks if for a given positive integer N there exist positive integers m and n such that N=mn. The complexity of the composite number problem was ...

The connected sum M_1#M_2 of n-manifolds M_1 and M_2 is formed by deleting the interiors of n-balls B_i^n in M_i^n and attaching the resulting punctured manifolds M_i-B^._i ...

C_3 is the unique group of group order 3. It is both Abelian and cyclic. Examples include the point groups C_3, C_(3v), and C_(3h) and the integers under addition modulo 3 ...

A Julia set with constant c chosen at the boundary of the Mandelbrot set (Branner 1989; Dufner et al. 1998, p. 225). The image above was computed using c=i.

Each of the sets forming a direct product is said to be a direct factor. A group G is said to be a direct factor of the group G^' if G^' is isomorphic to the group direct ...

The term discrete percolation is used to describe models of percolation theory whose media are discrete sets like sets of regular lattice points (e.g., bond percolation and ...

A double integral is a two-fold multiple integral. Examples of definite double integrals evaluating to simple constants include int_0^1int_0^1(dxdy)/(1-x^2y^2) = 1/8pi^2 (1) ...

A stationary point process X is said to drive a model of continuum percolation theory if one of the characterizing axioms of the model hinges on the existence of X. In this ...

A group is called a free group if no relation exists between its group generators other than the relationship between an element and its inverse required as one of the ...

The Frobenius norm, sometimes also called the Euclidean norm (a term unfortunately also used for the vector L^2-norm), is matrix norm of an m×n matrix A defined as the square ...