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An almost integer is a number that is very close to an integer. Near-solutions to Fermat's last theorem provide a number of high-profile almost integers. In the season 7, ...

A unit of angular measure equal to 60 arc seconds, or 1/60 of a degree. The arc minute is denoted ^' (not to be confused with the symbol for feet).

Baer's criterion, also known as Baer's test, states that a module M over a unit ring R is injective iff every module homomorphism from an ideal of R to M can be extended to a ...

A Bloch vector is a unit vector (cosphisintheta, sinphisintheta, costheta) used to represent points on a Bloch sphere.

The function Pi_(a,b)(x)=H(x-a)-H(x-b) which is equal to 1 for a<=x<=b and 0 otherwise. Here H(x) is the Heaviside step function. The special case Pi_(-1/2,1/2)(x) gives the ...

The linear fractional transformation z|->(i-z)/(i+z) that maps the upper half-plane {z:I[z]>0} conformally onto the unit disk {z:|z|<1}.

An orthogonal projection of a cross onto a three-dimensional subspace. It is said to be normalized if the cross vectors are all of unit length.

The quantum of a finite floating-point representation is the value of a unit in the last position of its significand. In general, the quantum is equal to the radix raised to ...

The largest unit fraction, 1/2. 1/2 is a rational number with terminating decimal expansion 0.5.

The integral closure of a commutative unit ring R in an extension ring S is the set of all elements of S which are integral over R. It is a subring of S containing R.