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A function whose value increases more slowly to infinity than any nonconstant polynomial is said to be a logarithmically increasing function. The prototypical example is the ...

The unit lower half-disk is the portion of the complex plane satisfying {|z|<=1,I[z]<0}.

The portion of the complex plane {x+iy:x,y in (-infty,infty)} satisfying y=I[z]<0, i.e., {x+iy:x in (-infty,infty),y in (-infty,0)}

The limit of a lower sum, when it exists, as the mesh size approaches 0.

A curve on which points of a map z_n (such as the Mandelbrot set) diverge to a given value r_(max) at the same rate. A common method of obtaining lemniscates is to define an ...

The winding number W(theta) of a map f(theta) with initial value theta is defined by W(theta)=lim_(n->infty)(f^n(theta)-theta)/n, which represents the average increase in the ...

The statistical index P_(ME)=(sump_n(q_0+q_n))/(sum(v_0+v_n)), where p_n is the price per unit in period n, q_n is the quantity produced in period n, and v_n=p_nq_n is the ...

Matrix decomposition refers to the transformation of a given matrix (often assumed to be a square matrix) into a given canonical form.

The rank of a matrix or a linear transformation is the dimension of the image of the matrix or the linear transformation, corresponding to the number of linearly independent ...

A maximum likelihood estimator is a value of the parameter a such that the likelihood function is a maximum (Harris and Stocket 1998, p. 824).